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LRV, lightness L*, and spectral values each describe in a different way how a color reflects light. Learn the technical differences between energy reflection, perceptual brightness, and spectral curves using RAL 3000 as an example.
CIELAB and CIELUV were introduced in 1976 as approximately uniform color spaces. Learn the structure of CIELAB with L*, a*, b*, the conversion from XYZ, and the use of polar coordinates C*ab and hab.
Tristimulus values XYZ are translated in practice to x,y,Y coordinates. However, the x,y diagram is not perceptually uniform, as MacAdam demonstrated with his famous ellipses - an important motivation for CIELAB.
CIELAB is one of the most important systems in colorimetry. Discover the origins of the system, the role of the CIE, and the basis of the XYZ tristimulus values from which CIELAB is derived.
The measurement environment is just as important as the instrument itself. Temperature, light, vibrations, and contamination directly affect measurement results. Learn how to control environmental factors for reliable color measurements.
Fluorescent colors convert UV radiation into visible light, making them spectacular but also challenging. Learn how to get control of fluorescent colors in measurement, formulation, and quality control.
Accurate color measurements do not happen by accident, but through standardized procedures, technical knowledge, and qualified operators. Learn the 13 essential guidelines for consistent and reproducible color measurements.
Measuring transparent materials is complex due to light transmission, absorption, and scattering. This article explains how to perform reliable measurements with the right preparation and instrumentation.
Inter-instrument agreement describes the extent to which different instruments produce the same color values. This article explains why this is essential and how to measure it.