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CIELAB and CIELUV were introduced in 1976 as approximately uniform color spaces. Learn the structure of CIELAB with L*, a*, b*, the conversion from XYZ, and the use of polar coordinates C*ab and hab.
Tristimulus values XYZ are translated in practice to x,y,Y coordinates. However, the x,y diagram is not perceptually uniform, as MacAdam demonstrated with his famous ellipses - an important motivation for CIELAB.